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TIME: Almanac 1995
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TIME Almanac 1995.iso
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<text id=92TT0568>
<title>
Mar. 16, 1992: A Medical Accident?
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
Mar. 16, 1992 Jay Leno
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
MEDICINE, Page 56
A Medical Accident?
</hdr><body>
<p>New speculation links polio vaccine to the birth of AIDS
</p>
<p> Devastated by outbreaks of paralytic polio, the people of
the Belgian Congo (now Zaire) had every reason to be thankful in
1957, when they became the first large group to receive an
experimental polio vaccine. Ironically, the quest for
deliverance from this ancient scourge may have made them
unwitting participants in the birth of a new plague--AIDS.
That, at least, is the contention of a speculative but
intriguing article in Rolling Stone.
</p>
<p> The oral vaccine, developed by Dr. Hilary Koprowski of
Philadelphia's Wistar Institute, was made from weakened polio
viruses grown in a culture of monkey kidney cells. Several
monkey viruses have been known to contaminate such cultures,
though vaccine makers now take pains to weed them out.
Extrapolating from a number of coincidences--the testing of
the vaccine in the very site where AIDS is thought to have
begun; Koprowski's recollection that he cultured the virus in
the tissue of green monkeys, a species that harbors a virus
similar to HIV--writer Tom Curtis hypothesizes that the
vaccine was contaminated with a virus that evolved into the
deadly HIV. From equatorial Africa, it spread worldwide.
</p>
<p> There are problems with the theory. It is not clear that
HIV can survive oral ingestion. Also, if the noxious seed was
sown in the '50s, why didn't African doctors notice it sooner?
Curtis offers possible explanations, but the clearest resolution
would be to test the original vaccine stocks, still on ice at
Wistar, for HIV-like viruses. Wistar officials last week said
they would form a committee "to evaluate the Rolling Stone
speculations." Meanwhile, there is no reason to worry about
standard polio vaccines: they are rigorously screened for
contamination.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>